The global trend of tax authorities imposing tougher compliance requirements on taxpayers to generate more revenue also extends to New Zealand. Practitioners have noticed that as a result of the courts becoming more conservative in their legislative ...
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The global trend of tax authorities imposing tougher compliance requirements on taxpayers to generate more revenue also extends to New Zealand. Practitioners have noticed that as a result of the courts becoming more conservative in their legislative interpretation, "a large number of transactions that would not have been considered avoidance in the past are now susceptible to being challenged by the New Zealand Inland Revenue," said Andrew Ryan from Minter Ellison Rudd Watts.
"The Inland Revenue Department (IRD) has a significantly greater competency over the last 10 years. They are better resourced and have engaged better people. The IRD has also had a number of significant recent victories and litigation on tax avoidance matters, with the courts seemingly "on their side" at the moment," said Barney Cumberland from Simpson Grierson. "These factors, together with a political environment in which the government wishes to raise more revenue without increasing headline tax rates, have translated to an unprecedented level of IRD aggression in reviewing taxpayers' positions," said Cumberland.
As such, tax advisers are similarly becoming more conservative in terms of their advice to clients. "Advisers should be looking at how to manage clients' tax affairs to ensure that they are doing the right thing by managing the effective tax rate, controlling tax risks and not crossing avoidance lines," noted Colin DeFreyne from Grant Thornton. "This represents a change in the behaviour from 15 to 20 years ago, where many advisers focused on products which reduced tax".
"In the past year there has been a continuation in reforms of international tax rules to make New Zealand more competitive," said Paul Dunne from KPMG.
The reforms began in 2007 to address New Zealand's offshore investment tax rules relating to foreign investment funds (FIF). In 2009, the implementation of the second stage introduced new rules for taxation of controlled foreign companies (CFC).
"The recent reforms' impact on the volume of New Zealand income tax legislation has not been large as the reforms were essentially an extension of the existing controlled foreign company rules to non-portfolio investment funds (generally defined as investments between 10% to 50%)," said Ross Milne from Deloitte.
The third stage of the reforms was enacted in the Taxation (International Investment and Remedial Matters) Act in May 2012. "Further work (the third stage) is being undertaken by officials but we're only expecting to see the detail over the next 12 months or so," says Milne.
The next step includes extending the active income exemption for CFCs and non-portfolio FIFs to include foreign branches. There have been discussions about the government extending the active income exemption to apply to foreign institutions as well.
The implementation of capital gains tax, which is nonexistent at the moment in New Zealand, continues to be under debate. "One of the main political parties is suggesting that in relation to real estate and housing, capital gains might be worthwhile in order to make housing more affordable. While that view is becoming increasingly accepted, it won't be a realistic possibility for another 2-3 years at the earliest," said Ryan.
Generally, the economic outlook for New Zealand is reasonably optimistic. It has "shown signs in the last six months of improvement, business has picked up. The next financial year should be reasonably good," said Milne.
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